My Philosophy of Education (Early Childhood Education) Essay - 1

My Philosophy of Education (Early Childhood Education) - Essay Example A conviction that all is good supports chance taking by youngsters, both sincerely and mentally. The educator ought to endeavor to sustain every youngster and the gathering in a way which is reliable with formatively fitting practice. To this end, severe exercises ought to be limited and enhanced generously by youngster coordinated exercises and assume arranged jobs. Stress can be limited and kids can be pilgrims of information. Regarding the understudies, they ought to figure out how to educate themselves. They ought to be permitted to characterize issues and the methods by which such issues are settled. They ought to be permitted to test new thoughts and watch the results of various activities. At last, an exacting educational program ought to be de-accentuated and understudies permitted to help pick what and how they will learn. Inside cutoff points, educational program and appraisal ought to be community oriented. I accept this will make understudies increasingly locked in. The primary worth that we should show youngsters, and one not expressed unequivocally enough in my view, is that each kid is fit for learning. Research on meta-cognizance, as a result figuring out how to learn, recommends that understudies who track their learning will in general perform well. This can be strengthened in the youth setting by having understudies keep an image journal or diary. They can draw what they have realized and ponder the amount they have taken in consistently or consistently. Another significant worth is the estimation of decent variety; all the more especially, the genuine acknowledgment that others, whatever their sexual orientation, race, or character, have something imperative to offer the bigger gathering. This is significant on the grounds that understudies must figure out how to prevail in other social settings later on. This can be shown utilizing play-arranged exercises in which an effective goals relies upon the commitment of every individual from the gathering instead of the demonstrations of, state, a solitary person. Kids ought to likewise be shown the estimation of reflection; all the more explicitly, they ought to be encouraged that persistence and learning can coincide. This can be instructed by requiring a speculation time before tolerating answers or remarks. The estimation of industriousness is likewise of incredible worth. Kids ought to be encouraged that learning is an aggregate procedure. This can be instructed by having occasional audits where understudies show what they have realized in a youngster started condition. The instructor takes an interest as opposed to coordinates. Understudies can ask and answer the inquiries. At long last, understudies ought to be shown the worth that learning is helpful. Over and over again understudies are left to ask why they are doing what they are doing. What is the reason The instructor should structure exercises which permit the youngsters to apply what they have realized. The movement might be smart or simply funny, yet the connection between idea or hypothesis and use or application ought to be ingrained in the kids. My Philosophy of Education As an instructor, I feel that it is my essential commitment to make the most secure and most learning-favorable condition conceivable. In spite of the fact that I do esteem the authority of explicit learning results, this isn't my definitive objective; rather, I would like to make learning esteems that the understudy can apply to grow inwardly, socially and mentally. I likewise would like to pass on a pertinent educational plan for the student, so understudies start to see the value of

Sticks and Stones Free Essays

A The words implicit and activities fixed may conceivably remain in this way, however what is done can't be fixed, and in the event that you cause a circumstance to go from awful to more regrettable, the outcomes of your deed will come to frequent you. This is the thing that the primary character of Trezza Azzopardi’s short story â€Å"Sticks and Stones†, Lewis, has encountered. Lewis acknowledges things as they seem to be, despite the fact that he needs to transform them: â€Å"[†¦]he envisions he’s the sort of individual that challenges educators like Stott and Walker, the thoughtful that the Headmaster pays attention to. We will compose a custom paper test on Sticks and Stones or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now (pages 9-10, lines 61-62). The statement bolsters the announcement and furthermore infers he is an individual who mixes in, and all the more significantly, that he wouldn't like to stick out. Thus, he has adjusted to his condition since he feels it is the most secure activity. This has been brought about by his mom, who has disclosed to him that â€Å"It’s the endurance of the fittest† all through his entire life. Paul Fry isn't friend of Lewis’, however Lewis given his quality of remaining out of sight stresses with him shockingly much. The capacity to underscore such a great amount with Paul makes Lewis conflict with his guts that advises him to mind his own issues, so it more likely than not struck a nerve. Having the option to relate to Paul so well methods he has encountered something similar to Paul’s enunciations, which the little bit of his past underlines: â€Å"Don’t be such an infant. [†¦]boys will be young men. It’s human instinct. † (page 10, line 69). He sees himself in Paul Fry, and thus needs to help since he had no assistance to guarantee himself. Lewis’ calling isn't expressed in the content, yet it certainly demonstrates that he is an educator. For example, the Headmaster gets him after class: â€Å"The following day, Harris (Headmaster) came and discovered him after class. † (page 10, line 79). Also, Paul Fry is an understudy and when Lewis gets back home, he has new data about Paul Fry to tell his better half, Anna: â€Å"[†¦]he needed to advise her (Anna) about Paul Fry. [†¦]Later, she’d moan when he rolled in from work, [†¦]†What’s happened now? † she’d ask† (page 11, lines 98-102). The bounce and the entire occurrence lie to the past, however. The short story is about Lewis considering the past, which is the reason flashbacks happen in the storyline. In the present, Lewis has no association with the included individuals of the occasion. He has stopped educating after Paul’s passing: â€Å"[†¦]on Lewis’s a day ago, in the wake of recommending he should take a break. It was the day preceding Paul Fry was found. † (page 11, lines 120-122) and despite the fact that he has an old letter from Anna, he has no contact to her: â€Å"†There’s a letter for you†, his mom yells. †¦]He’s been there a month now, and[†¦]has had no calls, unquestionably no letters, no nothing at all from Anna. †(page 8, lines 18;21-22) â€Å"Lewis puts it to his face. He can’t discover the aroma of her in the words† (page 9, line 40). The letter is unquestionably from Anna and has lost its aroma, which suggests t hat it has had one, however has now blurred with time, which implies it is old. The regret of Paul’s passing is solid to the point that it makes him long for his plunge into the sea shore. This demonstrates it was that day Paul kicked the bucket, and all the more so does the way that the young men had never been right to Lewis’ place at the sea shore. The young men went out to pound Lewis, on the grounds that as Lewis lets us know, he watched Paul being beat up and making no solid †subsequently, the demise of Paul †and they needed to quiet down Lewis. The utilization of flashbacks all through the plot keeps the peruser at tension. Lead on by an in media res start, Trezza Azzopardi keeps developing the tension. The flashbacks are never outside the realm of relevance: they generally happen at a setting applicable to it. As a characteristic follow-up on the flashbacks, Azzopardi’s short story closes with change in the fundamental character’s individual. That is the reason Lewis tosses out the rocks, on the grounds that for every stone he has felt his life was troublesome. Paul Fry’s episode has frequented him for quite some time and he presently needs to proceed onward. After he discards the rocks, the floods of the sea shore doesn't inconvenience him any longer and he can at last tune in to the murmuring earth, which demonstrates the change. A change hotly anticipated brought about by just one obliterating botch. Step by step instructions to refer to Sticks and Stones, Essay models

Heart Attack Essay Topics - How to Write Essays With a Point

Heart Attack Essay Topics - How to Write Essays With a PointWriting an essay is a great way to demonstrate your understanding of a subject, and make an argument for it. You can also use your essay topics to gain information on the subject or find out how much you already know about it. However, it's important to note that there are several pitfalls in writing an essay.Most students do not think to write an essay topics first, and then begin the essay. But when you begin with an essay topic, it's essential to get your point across. Not doing so will only confuse your reader, and could potentially stop you from fully completing your essay. Here are some guidelines for writing a successful essay topic:- Start by choosing an interesting topic, and something that you are passionate about. This will set the tone for your entire essay and hopefully make it interesting. Before you begin writing, you need to know the idea that you will be exploring.- Get started by developing a list of questi ons to ask yourself and others, such as yourself, a medical professional, and a friend. These questions will allow you to prepare your topic carefully, and the topics will determine the type of essay you will write.- Next, get to know your support group, and those that know you well. Support groups are invaluable, as they will help you get on track. Some of your connections will make it easier to research the topic, while others will provide you with ideas for your topic.- Once you have a theme, you'll then need to research the best essay topics. It's important to remember that many people won't be able to find the exact topic that you're looking for. This is where a good resource can come in handy, such as an online community of professors, writers, and students who may have experience in your topic.Writing an essay topic can be an overwhelming task. If you follow these tips, you'll have a much easier time.

Gender Inequality And Women During The Workplace Essay

When it comes to female leader, same scenario does not exist. Female leaders, who, with few exceptions, are either single or have partners with full-time jobs (William, J. 2000). In 2011, a study showed that In Ireland, Men working hours averaged 39.4 hours a week with only 30.6 for women, and married men worked longer hours than married women. Also, more than half a million women in 2011 were looking after home/family compared with only 9,600 men (Gender Equality In Ireland). Gender stereotypes are hard to break, and like it or not, we are all prone to engaging in stereotyping at one time or another. This is demonstrated in the work of Mahzarian Banaji here at Harvard (Gender Inequality and Woman in the Workplace). In Addition, A review of the Australian Defence Forces (ADF) was conducted alongside by Australia’s Sex Discrimination Commissioner to recognized the main barriers that prevented the growth of women representation in leadership that was due to a lack of critical figure of women due to retention and attraction difficulties, high degree of occupational discrimination with a rigid career structures; a culture with occasional poor leadership and unacceptable behaviors, and cultural perception and difficulties combining work and family (AHRC 2012). In terms of leadership style, gender stereotypes in management positions indicated that women place more emphasis on communication, emotional cooperation, affiliation, and nurturing while men leaders are more active,Show MoreRelatedThe Inequality Between Men And Women Based Solely On Gender1025 Words   |  5 Pagesthe inequality between men and women based solely on gender. This dilemma is one that occurs across every continent and has been the subject of many riots, protests, and discussions since the early centuries. Gender inequality can happen in any setting, time, and place. However, gender inequality is highly likely inside the workplace. Many employers discriminate against woman and sometimes then do not even know that what they are saying or doing is considered discrimination. Gender inequality in theRead MoreGender Inequality Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesresearchers, we get to know more and more on the issue of gender inequality in different areas of our society. Howev er, although significant progress has been made during the twentieth century, in an attempt to equalize the rights of women and men, they still do not seem to be met daily. Having a job is considered important for men and women, although the centrality of work is organized completely differently by gender. This form of inequality persists in all areas such as: participation in decisionRead MoreGender Inequality During The Workplace1613 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace It was the holiday season and the workers were vigorously working to receive that desperately needed bonus. The day before the holiday break, the workers were eagerly lined up to receive their checks along with their bonuses. After receiving their checks, Susan got a glimpse of Christopher’s check and she noticed how she was paid far less than him even though they both had the same position and worked the same amount of hours. Throughout various aspects of societyRead MoreThe Combat For Women s Rights1181 Words   |  5 Pages The Combat for Women s Rights Throughout the decades, women in the United States and all around the world have struggled to be considered equivalent to men, both at home and in the workplace. Women have struggled with voting rights, less pay, lower positions in the workplace, and responsibility of maintaining household chores. Though women have gained voting rights in the United States, women still struggle with the other gender inequalities. In today’s society, women are fighting with more diligenceRead MoreEssay on Income Inequality and the Effect on Gender Diversity1080 Words   |  5 Pages In the workplace, there are multiple races of people: Asians, Latinos, African-American. This is known as racial diversity. Within these races are both women and men. This is known as gender diversity. Diversity is a common goal that employers strive for. There are many types of diversity in the workplace such as racial diversity, age diversity, and diversity involving skills. This range of people, age and skill make the workplace a more interesting place as people work with different intentionsRead MoreWhy Do People Struggle For Accept Those Who Are Different From Themselves?1479 Words   |  6 Pages As one of many age old questions, examples of discrimination have been traced throughout history for ages. There are many categories of discrimination and inequality, including those aimed at people due to their race, sexual orientation, and gender. Gender inequality in specific has gone through a vast amount of changes, especially as women eventually began to speak out against the rules and laws that bound them. They protested against their lack of rights, the notion of being entirely dependentRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender Inequalities825 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Ursini Mrs. Karen Cardenas English 4 Sec 03 Sum 17 07 July 2017 Gender Inequalities Thesis: While this could be the best thing the world could accomplish if something changes, Women and men should not be segregated into their own category. Because both genders should have equal rights when it comes to working, money, households, relationships and other categories. This problem has been around for a long time but never been brought to a lot of people s attention, because of this nobody talksRead MoreAchieving Gender Inequality Within The American Workplace Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pageswomen are demonstrating time after time that they can excel at positions of high power and responsibility they even demonstrate to suppress those of males. They have higher profits and are rated as better leaders. These statistics come to show to women and business that women have great potential and they shouldn’t feel intimidated by the great responsibility or stereotypes that come with the job and women respectively. Women should embrace opportunities such as these and busi ness shouldn’t overlookRead MoreSexism Is The True Hindrance For Female Careers1407 Words   |  6 Pages Even today’s society, gender inequality remains a very controversial topic. One especially debated area is whether or not sexism exists in the workplace. Some argue that sexism is a major deterrent in the careers of women, and is the main reason women are not as prominent in positions of power and thus in our society. Others believe that women choose not to pursue such positions, because of their roles as mothers. However, it is views like this that prevent women from being taken seriously as workersRead MoreGender Issues For Women s Mothers At Work1510 Words   |  7 PagesGender related issues for women inparticula mothers at work. Gender inequality Inequalities have been prevalent since the beginning of civilization. Up until the women’s movement, did we see a shift in feminism whereby women would gain certain rights. Within this movement, the role of the women fell short to discrimination and gender inequalities. The argument stands forth and is true that there are gender inequalities prevailing in all aspects of society. Thus, the concept of gender is not

In Order To Combat The Hate Of The Kkk We Must Understand

In order to combat the hate of the KKK we must understand where this hatred comes from, so we can stop it directly at the source. Creating laws to stop hate crimes is a solution only on the surface, the hate from the KKK is still present and strong in today’s society regardless of the laws in place. One distinct source of hate are the cognitive influences that play a role. How people think is ultimately what directs their emotions and behaviors. So, the best strategy to combat hate is to identify the cognitive influences on prejudice and hate and develop ways to change their thinking. These cognitive influences surrounding hate include Categorization and In-group Centrism, Disinhibitory Influences, and Dehumanization. People often group†¦show more content†¦Social norms can potentially act against hate because aggression may be frowned upon by the general public. â€Å"Violence-inhibiting social norms and laws are backed up to considerable extent by the threat of public disapproval and, in some cases, the possibility of legal punishment† (Sternberg, 2005, p.172). However, be surrounded by likeminded people who also have the same biases may disinhibit the hate. Additionally, anonymity, the sense that a person is not known by onlookers and the public at large, can cause acts of hate to arise (Sternberg, 2005, p.172). The idea that those committing acts of hate won’t be identified can lead to aggressive behavior. â€Å"Social scientists have long noted how people in crowds, each believing that he or she cannot be individually identified in the midst of so many others, can depart from socially approved standards of conduct† (Sternberg, 2005, p.172). This may be why hate c rimes usually involve multiple offenders. This can also be used to explain why hatred is carried out in groups within the KKK. Dehumanization is another cognitive influence that surely relates to hatred in the KKK. It was stated that â€Å"dehumanization occurred in two steps: first, robbing persons of their individual identities by defining them solely in terms of membership in an ethnic or racial category – only as â€Å"Jews† or â€Å"Blacks† – and second, excluding them from the community of humans† (Sternberg,Show MoreRelatedA White Shroud Of Cowardice Essay2594 Words   |  11 PagesA White Shroud of Cowardice White hoods. Fire. Hatred. Lynching. A faceless army has been quietly growing in the heart of the United States of America. The KKK, or Ku Klux Klan is often known for its violent racist attacks on others, but what is often unbeknownst is that the Ku Klux Klan has been reincarnated three times, each with a slightly different goal in mind. The first Klan was primarily focused on race, targeting black political movements, and undermining black civil rights however, somethingRead MoreThe Controversy Of The Word Islamophobia By Orientalist Etienne Dinet2066 Words   |  9 Pagesthis misunderstanding is causing a clear divide between Muslims and other Americans in communities and schools. To eliminate this issue, one must look at the political, cultural, social implications, which includes how to protect America’s foundation on religious freedom, how to decrease the discrimination against women, and stop bullying in schools and hate crimes against Muslim Americans. Although man y believe interference is unnecessary as Muslims are seen as a minority, that there are other waysRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pagespilot’s license. As she gained more experience as a flyer, she began to write newspaper columns promoting air travel and took up a leadership position among female pilots. P age |6 In one air race, she gave up her chance at first place in order to help a friend whose plane had crashed on the runway - an act considered symbolic of her courage and selflessness. She married wealthy publisher G.P. Putnam in 1931, but stood current marriage convention on its head by insisting on her status

Middle Ages As The Age Of Faith Essay Example For Students

Middle Ages As The Age Of Faith? Essay Is it accurate to refer to the Middle Ages as the Age of Faith?The Middle Ages is often referred to as the Age of Faith and it is correct to do so, as during this period religion dominated all aspects of life from architecture, literature, art and music. The dominant religion during this period was Christianity. The middle ages saw â€Å"the emergence †¦ of Christian literary forms†¦ a popular religious culture centred around processions, icons, and relics† (George Holmes 42). The crusades were wars fought in the name of God or holy wars. The first of the crusades began in 1095 when Pope Urban the second received an appeal for help from Alexius the first, the Byzantine Emperor. Alexius wanted Urbans’ help against the Turks, â€Å"a race alienated from God†. It was seen as ones Christian duty to fight against these infidels. The church offered material advantages to those who chose to join the Crusades, to save Christian shrines and lands from Muslims. It was also preached, by renowned clergymen that men who joined would have more favour with God. St. Bernard said about the crusades â€Å"Rejoice†¦if you live and conquer in the Lord, but exalt and glory even more if you die and join the Lord† (H.G. Koenigsberger 187). The crusades brought many benefits; food, textiles and also the spread of Islamic science and art, which would greatly benefit Europe who, was somewhat behind. The quest for knowledge was rejuvenated with the growth of cathedral schools. However church schools could only teach so much. Universities grew due to the formation of guilds of teachers and pupils and also because of finance from the church and the wealthy. The University of Paris was the largest of its time specialising in liberal arts. These schools sparked a return to philosophy. Scholastism was the philosophy of the church, where the church and its teachings were the ultimate authority. However philosophical disputes soon arose, this was known as the battle of Universals. One position was called the Realist position. This was the idea that body and soul were separate. The soul goes to its ideal realisation, heaven, there is no need to worry about the material world. The opposing argument was known as the Nominalalist position, â€Å"that physical were the only reality† (Robert E. Lamm 212). The middle ground between these two arguments was known as Conceptualism, put for th by Peter Abelard, it suggests that â€Å"reality as idea exists only in the sense-apparent object† (Robert E. Lamm 213). Monasticism was a way of life for those who thought everyday life too sinful, and decided to devote themselves to God, either communally in the monastery or lavriote, a life of solitude. St Benedict around five hundred and forty AD set down rules which were to become the basis for monastic life in the Catholic church; poverty, obedience, chastity, and work. In these monasteries theology was preserved. A different form of monasticism developed in Ireland due to the fact it was isolated from the rest of Europe. Monks were more like the hermits of Egypt rather those of Roman Christianity. Scholarship developed in these monasteries, also a new form of art called Hiberno-Saxon. These monasteries kept literacy skills alive. Monks would transcribe and decorate sacred texts by hand. Such texts include the Book of Kells and the Lindisfaire Gospels. Religion also played a part in revolutionising the arts, language and literature were revived. Numerous accounts of the crusades were written in various languages, such as Geoffrey de Villehordouin’s of the forth crusade written in French, the first text in French of its kind and Seigneur de Jounville’s History of Saint Louis. Another famous literary work was Dante’s Divine Comedy, written during the High Middle Ages. In this work Dante discusses all level of being; hell, purgatory, and paradise. In this work he explains his ultimate goal as a man, a union with God, or the achievement of a heavenly state. Religious life also influence architecture. Architecture was rejuvenated around one thousand AD and became the main artistic focus of the time. Architecture progressed from Romanesque Style to Gothic Style, with their origins in the Carolingian Renaissance. One thousand AD marked the beginning of a vast building program throughout Europe. During this period some of the most beautiful building ever built were erected in the name of God for example Notre Dame, St. Benoit-sur-Loire and the Cathedral at Reims. These buildings included intricate carvings of religious symbols, scenes, and saints also stained glass windows depicting scenes from the Bible. Pope Gregory allowed this to be possible, in the early Middle Ages, by allowing the depiction of religious scenes. He knew that since the majority of the population was illiterate visual images would have more of an impact and would aid the reach Christian teaching. Religion also had an impact on Music. The first music written during the Middle Ages was written for the church. Monophonic, Gregorian Chant, was a single lyric with no accompaniment was the official music of the Church. It is said that Pope Gregory ordered a body of work organised for the church, which came to over three thousand melodies. Monophonic later developed by the addition of extra words and notes varying the pattern and la ter varying melodies leading to what was named polyphonic. These extra words and notes led to the development of drama as part of Mass and then led to spoken drama or plays. Medieval dance was also a form of worship but this changed to entertainment during the high Middle Ages. .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 , .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .postImageUrl , .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 , .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982:hover , .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982:visited , .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982:active { border:0!important; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982:active , .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982 .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3194c3e6a303a6bf6fc46cdfce6a7982:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The outcomes of La Machine Infernale EssayReligion effected all aspects of medieval life, religion made people grow and develop, helping fill the void left by the fall of the Roman Empire. The barbaric, culture less life that was left after the decline of the Roman Empire was reinvented by those seeking God and salvation. By one thousand AD virtually all of Europe was converted to Christianity, even the most reluctant, the Vikings had converted. The Middle ages was the age of Faith. History Essays

Why there are Few Women in Telecommunications Industry in Europe and Middle East

Introduction A decade into the 21st century, women in nearly all progressive countries across the world continue to be disadvantaged in their careers relative to men. Despite sustained efforts by governments and industry to promote gender equality in the workplace, women persist to experience occupational segregation, wage disparities, fewer promotions, and less significant wage increases (Schweitzer et al., 2011).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Why there are Few Women in Telecommunications Industry in Europe and Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This view is reinforced by Schreuders et al. (2009), who observes that occupational segregation, particularly in science and engineering fields, has been a matter of concern for governments and scholars worldwide. Available statistics demonstrate that in spite of their talent, ability, and opportunity, women continue to be underrepresented in these cri tical sectors of the economy (Schweitzer et al, 2011), with Bhatia Amati (2010) suggesting that the segregation is the direct consequence of social, political, and economic systems that continue to reinforce gender stereotyping and role expectations. On her part, Bystydzienski (2004) posits that it is the lack of encouragement, mentorship, support and appropriate socialization to enter and remain in the sciences, engineering, or technology-related fields that is entirely to blame for the few number of women exhibiting interest in these fields. Although many research studies (e.g., Baron Cobb-Clark, 2010; Coder et al., 2009; Franzway et al., 2009; Morganson et al., 2010) have been initiated in a focused attempt to understand the reasons behind the noted occupational segregation of women in science and engineering fields, only a handful (e.g., Kotsilieri Marshall, 2004) have attempted to evaluate the trajectories of these dynamics from an industry-specific perspective. Furthermore, these studies do not attempt to place the findings in a broader, historical, and institutional context, not mentioning that they lack the comparators necessary to understand the problem within a wider social and geographical context. It is these gaps in knowledge that provide the impetus to undertake the present study, which aims to understand why there are few women in the telecommunications sector in Europe and the Middle East.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background of the Study Schreuders et al. (2009) observe that â€Å"†¦unlike other historically male-dominated occupations that have seen gains in achieving gender equity, many sciences, math, and engineering fields have remained peculiarly unbalanced in terms of gender† (p. 97). Other research studies (e.g., Kusku et al.; 2007; Coder et al., 2009; Kotsilieri Marshall, 2004) demonstrate that under representation of women in engineering and technology-related fields continue to widen as women engineers and technicians find themselves swimming against the tide of prejudice intrinsically reinforced by the social, cultural, psychological and economic realities of life. These assertions are supported by well-documented data. A survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor and cited in Coder et al (2009) indicates that while women made up an estimated 43% of the information technology (I.T.) workforce in 1983, the female percentage dropped to a paltry 26 % in 2008 in spite of the fact that the total I.T. workforce had more than doubled for the indicated period. Of course many research studies have been progressed to understand the dynamics involved in this type of occupational segregation, but it still remains unclear exactly why women remain a minority in engineering and technology-related fields (Coder et al, 2009). Indeed, extant literature demonstrates that many women hold the n ecessary educational background and resources to venture into these technical fields, but end experiencing impediments for reasons not fully under their control (Kotsilieri Marshall, 2004). This notwithstanding, various theoretical orientations have been advanced to explain the perceived lack of gender representation in engineering and technical fields, and what could be done to contain the situation from further deterioration. The present paper will heavily rely on two of such theoretical conceptions, namely the social constructionist theory and the pipeline theory. In considering how women view their abilities and position themselves in relation to their male counterparts, this Research is profoundly influenced by social constructionist doctrines as the experiences and characteristics accredited to women, portrayed by academia and industry as contributing to their current occupational segregation in engineering and technology-related fields, are not timeless and universal but are socially, historically, psychologically, and politically located (Kotsilieri Marshall, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Why there are Few Women in Telecommunications Industry in Europe and Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To deduce that all women judge, think, or relate in distinctive and universal ways when making career choices, particularly in fields traditionally considered as male-dominated, inarguably denies the contextuality that frames behavior (Benson Yukongdi, 2005). Consequently, this study attempts to understand the reasons why there are few women in telecommunication industry by comparing experiences of women in two continents, Europe and the Middle East, with a view to comprehensively cover the differences that may arise from the diverse contextual and geographical backgrounds. The present study will also draw upon the pipeline theory to analyze why women are yet to achi eve equal representation in engineering and technology-related fields, with specific reference to the telecommunications industry in Europe and the Middle East. As highlighted by Schweitzer et al. (2011), â€Å"†¦the pipeline theory suggests that increasing the number of women in male-dominated fields should lead to more equality in the labor market†¦ This presumes that women and men in the pipeline expect comparable career outcomes† (p. 422). However, as has been demonstrated in a number of research studies concerned with evaluating the reasons behind gender-based underrepresentation in the labor market, the movement of more women into the pipeline has not resulted in enviable treads for women careers, particularly when it comes to engineering and technology-related disciplines (Schweitzer et al, 2011; Coder Rosenbloom, 2009). Much attention will, therefore, be focused on understanding why women are yet to achieve comparable career outcomes with their male counter parts in the telecommunications sector, and the various alternatives that could be implemented to remedy the disparity.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Issues of meritocracy and social-cultural orientations will be comprehensively discussed and evaluated with a view to synthesizing the obstacles that come into play to hamper more women representation in the telecommunications sector in Europe and the Middle East. Advocates of meritocracy are of the opinion that â€Å"†¦in true meritocratic systems everyone has an equal chance to advance and obtain rewards based on their individual merits and efforts, regardless of their gender, race, class, or other non-merit factors† (Castilla Bernard, 2010 p. 543). Inside organizations, a fundamental strand of this study will concern how organizational policies and strategies affect employees’ opportunities and careers, particularly those policies and strategies designed to reduce discrepancies for women working in technical-oriented disciplines. In equal measure, previous studies have identified aspects of entrenched masculine culture, social-cultural dynamics, and weak copin g mechanisms as major reasons for lower representation of women in technical disciplines such as telecommunications engineering (Kotsilieri Marshall, 2004; Morganson et al., 2010). Indeed, Franzway et al (2009) posit that â€Å"†¦although women are as competent as their male colleagues in the technical dimensions of engineering, the gendered expectations and processes within engineering organizations are an entrenched problem for women’s careers† (p. 91). The rationale of the Research This study arises from the need for organizations and governments to develop policies, plans, and strategies that can be used to inform effective policy-making with regard to inclusion of more women into career fields traditionally considered as male-dominated. The paucity of statistical data on the underrepresentation of women in technical fields in other countries, with the exception of the United States (Blau Kahn, 2007), have often served as a reinforcing agent for ineffective and undirected policies that continue to be developed by organizations and governments in their bid to reverse the gendered disadvantage. Second, the study is informed by the need to develop tangible alternatives that can be used by organizations to not only encourage more women into engineering and technical fields but also to retain them. Extant Research demonstrates that women have unique capabilities and talents that could be used by organizations to attain optimal productivity and competitiveness (Kotsilieri Marshall, 2004). Equally, evidence has been adduced to the fact that more women than men are likely to leave employment in technology field (Franzway et al, 2009), due to a myriad of reasons which will be covered comprehensively in this study. Moreover, the results of this study can be used by educational institutions to develop academic and career paradigms that will encourage more women into the technical disciplines, with the hope that a high uptake of women will transl ate into equal representation in the labor market. Aim Objectives of the Study The general aim of this study is to critically evaluate the reasons why there are few women in the telecommunications industry in Europe and the Middle East. The following forms the specific objectives of the study: To critically analyze how women are impacted negatively as a result of employment discrimination in the telecommunications industry; To critically evaluate the interplay between meritocracy and social-cultural and psychological variables in entrenching occupation discrimination along with gender, and; To analyze and report on probable alternatives that could be used to alleviate gendered occupation discrimination in the telecommunications industry in Europe and the Middle East. Research Questions Based on the above objectives, this study aims to address the following research questions: What are the current practices and polices used by telecommunications firms in Europe and the Middle Eas t to ensure gendered occupation equality in the field? What issues within the meritocratic and social-cultural, psychological, geographical and political contexts could be serving as obstacles to gendered occupation equality for telecommunications firms in Europe and the Middle East? What are the current trends in occupation discrimination in telecommunications organizations in Europe and the Middle East? What are the alternatives being sought by organizations and governments in the two continents towards addressing the women underrepresentation in telecommunications industry? Scope of the Study Although the study makes frequent mention of women in science, engineering and technology-related fields, its analysis excludes all the other women working in the above-mentioned fields apart from those specifically working in telecommunications and information technology (I.T.) fields. The study does not deal with the position of the management of the selected organizations regarding occup ational segregation but focuses attention to understanding the dynamics involved from the female worker’s perspective and the official policies and strategies relating to occupational segregation of women in telecommunications industry within a wider continental context. This implies that the results gravitate more towards attempting to understand why there are few women in the field within a specific social, geographical and political context. Structure of the Dissertation The above forms the introduction section of this study, which has laid the groundwork for the subsequent sections. This section, among other things, have demonstrated the direction that this study takes by discussing the problem, stating the research aim and objectives, and discussing the rationale of the study. The following section will revolve around critically discussing the available literature on occupational segregation of women in science and engineering fields, with particular reference accorded t o Europe and the Middle East. The methodology, the third section, focuses on discussing the study design, population and sample, data collection techniques, and how the data for this study has been analyzed. The results are presented in section four, under findings, analysis and discussion. This study concludes by outlining some conclusions, recommendations and future research areas in section five. Conclusion The present study aims to analyze why there are few women in the telecommunications industry in Europe and the Middle East. Towards this purpose, the study relies on two theoretical conceptions, namely the social constructionist perspective and the pipeline theory, to evaluate the impact of occupational segregation in this critical sector, and the alternatives that could be developed to reverse the trend. Consequently, the deliverables include, but not limited to: understanding how women in the telecommunications sector in Europe and the Middle East view their abilities and p osition themselves in relation to men; understanding why women are yet to achieve equal representation in technology-related fields; understanding how issues of meritocracy and social-cultural, political, psychological, and geographical orientations impacts women representation in these fields, understanding how organizational policies and strategies within the wider continental context could be modified to encourage more women into science, engineering and technical-related fields. List of References Baron, J.D., Cobb-Clark, D.A (2010). Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Private- and Public-Sector Employment: A Distributional Analysis. Economic Record, 86 (273), pp. 227-246. Benson, J., Yukongdi, V (2005). Asian Women Managers: Participation, Barriers and Future Prospects. Asian Pacific Business Review, 11 (2), pp. 283-291. Bhatia, S., Amati, J (2010). ‘If these Women can do it, I can do it, Too’: Building Women Engineering Leaders through Graduate Peer Mentoring. Leadership Management in Engineering, 10 (4), pp. 174-184. Blau, F.D., Kahn, L.M (2007). The Gender Pay Gap: Have Women gone as Far as they Can? Academy of Management Perspectives, 11 (2), pp. 283-291. Bystydzienski, J.M (2004). (Re)Gendering Science Fields: Transforming Academic Science and Engineering. NWSA Journal, 16 (1), pp. 8-12. Castilla, E.J., Bernard, S (2010). The Paradox of Meritocracy in Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 55 (4), pp. 543-576. Coder, L., Rosenbloom, J.L., Ash, R.A., DuPont, B.R. (2009). Economic and Business Dimensions: Increasing Gender Diversity in the I.T. Workforce. Communications of the ACM, 52 (5), pp. 25-27. Franzway, S., Sharp, R., Mills, J.E., Gill, J (2009). Engineering Ignorance. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 30 (1), pp. 89-106. Kotsilieri, F., Marshall, J (2004). Hellenic Women Managers in the Telecommunications Sector: Living in Transition. New Technology, Work Employment, 19 (3), pp. 177-191. Mo rganson, V.J., Jones, M.P., Major, D.A (2010). Understanding Women’s Underrepresentation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: The Role of Social Coping. Career Development Quarterly, 59 (2), pp. 169-179. Schreuders, P. D., Mannon, S.E., Rutherford, B (2009). Pipeline or Personal Preference: Women in Engineering. European Journal of Engineering Education, 34 (1), pp. 97-112. Schweitzer, L., Ng, E., Lyons, S., Kuron, L (2011). Exploring the Career Pipeline: Gender Differences in Pre-Career Expectations. Industrial Relations, 66 (3), pp. 422-444. This dissertation on Why there are Few Women in Telecommunications Industry in Europe and Middle East was written and submitted by user Cuck00 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.